| Uncompressed 4K60, 4:4:4 | 3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz 8-bit RGB / YCbCr 4:4:4 | None; pixel data transported over IP | Approximately 12.5 Gbit/s payload 25 GbE is normally preferred | 0.5–2 ms | Pixel-identical when the link is lossless | Usually IGMPv2 or IGMPv3; source-specific multicast may be available | Managed 25 GbE switching, dedicated VLANs, jumbo-frame support where required | Excellent; independent routing with very low delay | Esports, simulation, premium control rooms, live production monitoring | High bandwidth, higher switch cost, and limited reach on ordinary 10 GbE infrastructure |
| Visually Lossless 4K60 | 3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz 4:4:4 or 4:2:2, commonly 8–10 bit | Low-latency mezzanine compression such as JPEG XS-class processing | Approximately 3–8 Gbit/s | 1–5 ms | Visually lossless in normal viewing; suitable for fine text and graphics | IGMPv2/v3 with querier and snooping recommended | Managed 10 GbE or 25 GbE; non-blocking switching strongly recommended | Excellent; supports large video walls with fast source switching | Broadcast contribution, medical visualization, high-end collaboration, control rooms | Requires compatible encoders, decoders, and carefully tuned multicast policies |
| Low-Latency Intra-Frame 4K60 | 3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz 4:2:2 or 4:2:0, 8–10 bit | Intra-frame or lightly compressed professional video | Approximately 1.5–4 Gbit/s | 4–12 ms | High quality; minor detail loss may appear at aggressive ratios | IGMPv2/v3; multicast filtering and fast-leave features are useful | Managed 10 GbE; QoS and separated AV VLAN recommended | Very good; supports multiple simultaneous 4K sources | Corporate AV, education, command centers, digital signage with interactive content | Higher bandwidth than long-GOP codecs and less efficient for internet-scale distribution |
| H.265 / HEVC 4K60 | 3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz Usually 4:2:0, 8-bit or 10-bit | Long-GOP inter-frame compression | Approximately 15–50 Mbit/s | 80–200 ms | Good to very good at suitable bitrates; motion and fine text can reveal artifacts | IGMPv2/v3 commonly supported; multicast depends on encoder and decoder design | 1 GbE is generally sufficient per endpoint; managed switching remains advisable | Excellent for many receivers and geographically distributed displays | Large digital-signage networks, hospitality, retail, remote viewing | Latency is noticeable for live interaction, mouse control, and fast switching |
| H.264 / AVC 4K30 or 4K60 | 3840 × 2160 at 30 Hz, or 60 Hz with higher bitrate and hardware support | Long-GOP inter-frame compression | Approximately 25–100 Mbit/s | 100–250 ms | Good at moderate motion; less efficient than HEVC at equivalent quality | IGMPv2/v3 may be available; verify receiver count and multicast behavior | 1 GbE; stable uplinks and sufficient switch backplane capacity required | Very good for cost-sensitive one-to-many deployments | Legacy AV-over-IP upgrades, information displays, monitoring, standard collaboration | Higher bitrate and latency than newer codecs; 4K60 support is not universal |
| AV1 4K60 | 3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz Usually 4:2:0, 8-bit or 10-bit | Modern long-GOP compression with high coding efficiency | Approximately 12–40 Mbit/s | 150–400 ms | Very good efficiency for stored or distributed video; encoder complexity is higher | IGMP support varies widely by implementation; confirm multicast and hardware decode capability | 1 GbE; current-generation hardware acceleration is strongly recommended | Good for distribution; less predictable for real-time matrix switching | Wide-area distribution, content delivery, large signage estates, bandwidth-constrained sites | Limited interoperability in some professional AV environments and comparatively high processing delay |
| Hybrid Dual-Path System | 4K60 for primary sources plus lower-resolution proxy streams | Uncompressed or low-latency compression for critical feeds; HEVC or AVC for previews | Approximately 20 Mbit/s–8 Gbit/s depending on path | 2–15 ms for the primary path 80–200 ms for proxy feeds | High quality for selected sources with efficient monitoring for other users | IGMPv2/v3, VLAN separation, QoS, and multicast rate control recommended | Mixed 1 GbE / 10 GbE / 25 GbE architecture with managed core switching | Excellent; supports different resolutions and layouts for different display zones | Large control rooms, transport hubs, campuses, enterprise command environments | More complex configuration, monitoring, licensing, and interoperability testing |