| Counterbalance Forklifts | Electric, diesel, and liquefied-gas forklifts | Approximately 1.0–16.0 tonnes | About 3–7 metres for standard warehouse and industrial configurations | Lead-acid battery, lithium-ion battery, diesel, or liquefied petroleum gas | Loading docks, manufacturing plants, distribution centres, and outdoor yards | ISO 3691-1; ISO 5053-1; ISO 22915 series |
| Reach Trucks | Stand-up reach trucks and double-deep reach trucks | Approximately 1.0–2.5 tonnes | Commonly 6–13 metres in high-density storage areas | Rechargeable electric battery systems | High-bay warehouses, pallet-rack storage, and narrow aisles | ISO 3691-1; ISO 5053-1; ISO 22915 series |
| Electric Pallet Trucks | Walkie pallet trucks, platform pallet trucks, and rider pallet trucks | Approximately 1.5–3.0 tonnes | Floor-level transport with low-height fork lifting, generally below 0.3 metres | Lead-acid or lithium-ion battery | Horizontal pallet movement, order staging, and truck loading | ISO 3691-1; EN 1757-1; ISO 5053-1 |
| Manual Pallet Trucks | Standard hand pallet trucks, low-profile models, and weighing pallet trucks | Commonly 2.0–3.0 tonnes | Typical lifting range of approximately 75–200 millimetres | Manual hydraulic operation | Short-distance pallet handling, retail backrooms, and small warehouses | EN 1757-1; ISO 5053-1 |
| Electric Stackers | Walk-behind stackers, straddle stackers, and counterbalanced stackers | Approximately 0.8–2.0 tonnes | Commonly 2–5.5 metres | Rechargeable electric battery | Light-duty pallet storage, production areas, and small distribution facilities | ISO 3691-1; ISO 5053-1; ISO 22915 series |
| Order Pickers | Low-level, medium-level, and high-level order-picking trucks | Load platforms commonly support approximately 1.0–1.5 tonnes | Platform heights range from floor level to more than 10 metres, depending on type | Electric battery | Piece-picking operations, e-commerce fulfilment, and case-picking warehouses | ISO 3691-1; ISO 5053-1; ISO 22915 series |
| Automated Guided Vehicles | Automated pallet movers, tugger vehicles, and unit-load vehicles | Commonly 0.5–2.0 tonnes for warehouse applications; higher capacities are available | Primarily floor-level movement; some systems interface with lifts or automated storage equipment | Lead-acid, lithium-ion, or other rechargeable battery systems | Repetitive transport between receiving, storage, production, and shipping areas | ISO 3691-4; ISO 5053-1; ISO 12100 |
| Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems | Unit-load cranes, mini-load cranes, shuttle systems, and vertical lift modules | System-dependent; commonly handles individual loads from tens of kilograms to several tonnes | Storage structures may exceed 20 metres in high-bay applications | Electric motors, regenerative drives, and automated control systems | High-density storage, buffer inventory, order fulfilment, and controlled-access storage | ISO 12100; EN 528; ISO 13849-1 |
| Conveyor Systems | Belt, roller, chain, accumulation, and sortation conveyors | Varies widely; generally designed for cartons, totes, pallets, or unit loads | Horizontal, inclined, or multi-level conveying layouts | Electric motors, gear drives, and pneumatic components in selected applications | Parcel handling, production lines, distribution centres, and automated sortation | ISO 12100; ISO 13849-1; applicable regional conveyor safety requirements |
| Industrial Cranes and Hoists | Overhead travelling cranes, gantry cranes, jib cranes, and wire-rope hoists | From below 1 tonne to more than 100 tonnes, depending on crane design | Lift height is determined by building structure, runway design, and application requirements | Electric motors; manual operation is used for selected light-duty equipment | Steel processing, heavy manufacturing, maintenance workshops, and assembly facilities | ISO 4301; ISO 9927; ISO 12480-1 |
| Dock and Loading Equipment | Dock levellers, vehicle restraints, dock shelters, and loading ramps | Typically designed for commercial vehicles and loads from approximately 6–15 tonnes or more | Dock leveller travel commonly accommodates differences of several hundred millimetres between dock and vehicle bed | Hydraulic, mechanical, or electro-hydraulic systems | Vehicle loading bays, warehouses, distribution centres, and manufacturing sites | EN 1398; EN 349; ISO 12100 |
| Storage Racking Systems | Selective pallet racking, drive-in racking, push-back racking, and cantilever racking | Load capacity varies by beam, upright, bay configuration, and floor design | Typical warehouse systems range from approximately 2–12 metres; high-bay systems can be taller | Passive structural systems; automated variants use powered handling equipment | Pallet storage, long-load storage, cold stores, and distribution facilities | EN 15512; EN 15629; EN 15635 |